This became the universal standard form of sigma during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. In handwritten Greek during the Hellenistic period (4th–3rd century BC), the epigraphic form of Σ was simplified into a C-like shape, which has also been found on coins from the 4th century BC onward. Lunate sigma Ī plaque reading " Metochion of Gethsemane" ( Μετόχιον Γεθσημανῆς) in Jerusalem, with a lunate sigma both at the end and in the middle of the word Alternatively, the name may have been a Greek innovation that simply meant 'hissing', from the root of σίζω ( sízō, from Proto-Greek *sig-jō 'I hiss'). Īccording to one hypothesis, the name "sigma" may continue that of Phoenician samekh ( ), the letter continued through Greek xi, represented as Ξ. Herodotus reports that "san" was the name given by the Dorians to the same letter called "sigma" by the Ionians. Sigma's original name may have been san, but due to the complicated early history of the Greek epichoric alphabets, san came to be identified as a separate letter in the Greek alphabet, represented as Ϻ. The shape (Σς) and alphabetic position of sigma is derived from the Phoenician letter ( shin). 2.2.2 Biology, physiology, and medicine.
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